REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES-1992-5 RUPEES

The Republic of Seychelles is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean. The 115-island country, whose capital is Victoria, lies 1,500 Km (932 mi) east of mainland Southeast Africa. Other nearby island countries & territories include Zanzibar to the west and Comoros, Majorette , Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius to the south.

Seychelles, with a population of 90,024, has the smallest population of any African State. Seychelles is a member of the African Union.

 Some scholars assume that Austronesian seafarers and later Maldivian and Arab traders were the first to visit the uninhabited Seychelles. The earliest recorded sighting by Europeans took place in 1502 by the Portuguese Admiral Vasco da Gama, who passed through the Amirantes and named them after himself (islands of the Admiral). 

A transit point for trade between Africa and Asia, the islands were occasionally used by pirates until the French began to take control starting in 1756 when a Stone of Possession was laid by Captain Nicholas Morphey. The islands were named after Jean Moreau de Sechelles, Louis XV's Minister of Finance.

The British contested control over the islands between 1794 and 1810. Jean Baptiste Quéau de Quincy, French administrator of Seychelles during the years of war with the United Kingdom, declined to resist when armed enemy warships arrived. Instead, he successfully negotiated the status of capitulation to Britain which gave the settlers a privileged position of neutrality.

Britain eventually assumed full control upon the surrender of Mauritious in 1810, formalised in 1814 at the Treaty of Paris. Seychelles became a crown colony separate from Mauritius in 1903. Elections were held in 1966 and 1970. Independence was granted in 1976 as a republic within the Commonwealth.

The British Legislative Council authorized the establishment of a Board of Commissioners of Currency through the Paper Currency Ordinance of 1914, which was enacted by C. R. M. O’Brien, the governor of the Colony of the Seychelles on 10 August 1914. In 1914, the government produced emergency issues of notes for 50 cents, 1, 5 and 10 rupees.
The rupee is the currency of the Seychelles. It is subdivided into 100 cents. In the local Seychellois  Creole (Seselwa) language, it is called the roupi. The international currency code is SCR. The abbreviations SR and SRe are sometimes used..

Standard issue notes began to be issued in 1918, with notes for 50 cents and 1 rupee, followed by 5, 10 and 50 rupees in 1928. The 50 cents and 1 rupee notes were issued until 1951 and phased out in favor of the coins. 20- and 100-rupee notes were first introduced in 1968, whilst the 5-rupee note was replaced by a coin in 1972, the coin circulated widely under the head of the state France-Albert Rene van de Seychellen(1977-2004).The coin was designed by Danielle and Suzanne and Frederick Mogford engraved the coin The coin have a weight of 8.97 grams and a diameter of 28.8 mm. Palm trees and coat of arms are the theme of the coin. The coin was minted with copper (75%) and nickel(25%) in Pobjoy Mint, Surrey, Great Britain.. Series : 1989-present. This coin was first issued in 1992 and lastly in 2007.So far 300,000 coins minted.

Now the coin costs more than $5

OMAN COMMEMORATING 50 YEARS OF UN-1945-1995-50 BAISAS (Commemorative coin)

The rial  is the currency of Oman.its ISO 4217 international currency code is OMR. It is divided into 1000 baisa. 

Before 1940, the Indian rupee and the Maria Theresa Thaler (known locally as the rial) were the main currencies circulating in Muscat and Oman, as the state was then known, with rupees circulating on the coast and Thaler in the interior. Maria Theresa Thaler were valued at 230 paisa, with 64 paisa equal to the rupee.

In 1940, coins were introduced for use in Dhofar, followed, in 1946, by coins for use in Oman. Both coinages were denominated in baisa (equivalent to the paisa), with 200 baisa to the rial. The Indian rupee and, from 1959, the Gulf rupee continued to circulate.

In 1970, the rial Saidi (not to be confused with Saudi riyal) was made the currency of Oman. It was equal to the British pound and replaced the Gulf rupee at a rate of approximately 21 rupees to the rial. The new rial was subdivided into 1000 baisa. The rial Omani replaced the rial Saidi at par in 1973. The currency name was altered due to the regime change in 1970 and the subsequent change of the country's name.

In 1970, a coinage for all of Muscat and Oman was introduced. Denominations were 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 baisa. In 1975, new coins were issued with the country's name given as Oman. ¼ and ½ rial coins were introduced in 1980.

In 1995 the coin was issued for the first and last time.its Weight is 6.4 grams and Diameter is 24 mm.The coin was issued diring the reign of Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al (1971--) and is made up of copper (75%) and nickel (25%). The front shows Coat of arms(khanjar dagger in a sheath in front of 2 crossed swords ) and Sultans name around it. The front shows U.N. emblem and the  year commemorating 50 years of U.N foundation. 
Currently the coin is not circulating and costs more than $10.

(BELGIUM )BELGUE-BAUDOUIN-1990-1 FRANC,

The Belgian franc was the currency of the Kingdom of Belgium from 1832 until 2002 when the Euro was introduced. It was subdivided into 100 subunits, known as centimes (French), centiem (Dutch) or Centime (German).

Between 1832 and 1834, copper 1, 2, 5 and 10 centime, silver ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 5 franc, and gold 20 and 40 franc coins were introduced. Some of the early 1 and 2 centimes were struck over Dutch ½ and 1 cent coins. The 40 franc was not issued after 1841, whilst silver 2½ francs and gold 10 and 25 francs were issued between 1848 and 1850. Silver 20 centimes replaced the ¼ franc in 1852. In 1860, cupro-nickel 20 centimes were introduced, followed by cupro-nickel 5 and 10 centimes in 1861. The silver 5 franc was discontinued in 1876. Between 1901 and 1908, holed, cupro-nickel 5, 10 and 25 centime coins were introduced.

In 1914, production of the 1 centime and all silver and gold coins ceased. Zinc 5, 10 and 25 centimes were introduced in the German occupied zone, followed by holed, zinc 50 centimes in 1918. Production of 2 centimes ended in 1919. In 1922 and 1923, nickel 50 centime and 1 and 2 franc coins were introduced bearing the text "Good For" ("Bon pour" in French, "Goed Voor" in Dutch). Nickel-brass replaced cupro-nickel in the 5 and 10 centimes in 1930, followed by the 25 centime in 1938. Nickel 5 and 20 francs were introduced in 1930 and 1931, respectively, followed by silver 20 francs in 1933 and 50 francs in 1939.

As a consequence of the German occupation in 1940, the silver coinage was discontinued. In 1941, zinc replaced all other metals in the 5, 10 and 25 centimes, and 1 and 5 francs. In 1944 the Allies minted 25 million 2 franc coins at the Philadelphia Mint using leftover planchets for the 1943 steel cent. In 1948, cupro-nickel 5 francs and silver 50 and 100 francs were introduced, followed by silver 20 francs in 1949 and cupro-nickel 1 franc in 1950. Bronze 20 and 50 centimes followed in 1953 and 1952, respectively. The silver coinage ceased in 1955.

Cupro-nickel 25 centime coins replaced the 20 centime in 1964. Nickel 10 francs were introduced in 1969 (only struck until 1979), followed by bronze 20 francs in 1980 and nickel 50 francs in 1987. Aluminium-bronze replaced cupro-nickel in the 5 franc in 1986, whilst nickel-plated iron replaced cupro-nickel in the 1 franc in 1989.2002 Euro replaced franc, 1 Euro = 40 Franc.

Coins ceased to be convertible in 2004.

The nickel plated iron coin designed by Harry Elstrom was issued in 1990 during the reign of Belgium kingdom(1830-2001) under king Baudouin(1950-1993) .The coin weights 2.75 grams and had diameter of 18mm.About 615,280,000 coins were minted.
In 28th February 2002 the coin was demonotized and now it cost more than $28.

MAURITIUS-DR THE RICHT HONOURABLE SIR SEEWOOSAGUR RAMGOOLAM KT-1990-20 CENTS

The rupee is the currency of Mauritius.Its ISO 4217 international currency code is MUR.

The rupee was established by law in 1876 as the local currency of Mauritius. The rupee was chosen due to the massive inflow of Indian rupees following Indian immigration to Mauritius. The Mauritian rupee was introduced in 1877, replacing the Indian rupee,sterling and the Mauritian dollar, with the Mauritian rupee equal to one Indian rupee or half a Mauritian dollar. The pound was worth 10¼ rupees at that time. The Mauritian currency also circulated in the Seychelles until 1914, when it was replaced by the Seychellois rupee at par.

In 1934, a peg to sterling replaced the peg to the Indian rupee, at the rate of 1 rupee = 1 shilling 6 pence (the rate at which the Indian rupee was also pegged). This rate, equivalent to 13⅓ rupees = 1 pound, was maintained until 1979.

In 1877, coins for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cents were introduced, with the lower three denominations in copper and the higher two in silver. Coin production ceased in 1899 and did not recommence until 1911, with silver coins not produced again until 1934, when ¼, ½ and 1 rupee coins were introduced. In 1947, cupro-nickel 10 cents were introduced, with cupro-nickel replacing silver in 1950.1000.

In 1971 a new set of coins  were introduced by the Royal Mint. This set has Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and a range of heraldic motives on the reverse. Some of the reverse designs for this set were designed by Christopher Ironside.

In 1987, a new series of coins was introduced for the first time, not featuring the portrait of the monarch (Mauritius did not become a republic until 1992) but that of Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam. This coinage consisted of copper-plated-steel 1 and 5 cents (the 5 cents was substantially reduced in size), nickel-plated-steel 20 cents and ½ rupee, and cupro-nickel 1 and 5 rupees. Cupro-nickel 10 rupees were introduced in 1997. Coins currently in circulation are the 5 cents, 20 cents, ½ rupee, 1, 5, 10 and 20 rupees. Coins below 1 Rupee in value are generally regarded as "supermarket" small-change. The 1 cent coin has not been seen in circulation for many years, and the last series of 1 cent coins issued in 1987 are only seen as collectors' items.

In 2007, a bi-metallic 20-rupee coin was issued to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Bank of Mauritius, and this has now become a coin in general circulation.

First kind of this Nickel plated steel(90.8% - Iron,1.2% - Carbon & 8% - Nickel) coin was issued in 1987 with 2,500 - 5,000 coins and lastly in 2012. It was of 3 gram and 19 mm diameter.Back side shows the portrait of the Bust Governor- General Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.

Now this coin costs more than $2. 

MEXICO-1985-10 PESO

The Mexican peso  is the currency of Mexico.Its currency code is MXN. Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 15th–19th century Spanish dollar, most continuing to use its sign, "$". The Mexican peso is the 8th most traded currency in the world, the third most traded currency originating from the Americas (after the United States Dollar and Canadian Dollar), and the most traded currency originating from Latin America.
The name was originally used in reference to pesos oro (gold weights) or pesos plata (silver weights). The literal English translation of the Spanish word peso is weight.
IN 19TH CENTURY

The first coins of the peso currency were 1 centavo pieces minted in 1863. Emperor Maximillian, ruler of the Second Mexican Empire from 1864–1867, minted the first coins with the legend "peso" on them. His portrait was on the obverse, with the legend "Maximiliano Emperador;" the reverse shows the imperial arms and the legends "Imperio Mexicano" and "1 Peso" and the date. They were struck from 1866 to 1867.

The New Mexican republic continued to strike the 8 reales piece, but also began minting coins denominated in centavos and pesos. In addition to copper 1 centavo coins, silver (.903 fineness) coins of 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and 1 peso were introduced between 1867 and 1869. Gold 1, 2½, 5, 10 and 20-peso coins were introduced in 1870. The obverses featured the Mexican 'eagle' and the legend "Republica Mexicana." The reverses of the larger coins showed a pair of scales; those of the smaller coins, the denomination. One-peso coins were made from 1865 to 1873, when 8 reales coins resumed production. In 1882, cupro-nickel 1, 2 and 5 centavos coins were issued but they were only minted for two years. The 1 peso was reintroduced in 1898, with the Phrygian cap, or liberty cap design being carried over from the 8 reales.

IN 20TH CENTURY

In 1905 a monetary reform was carried out in which the gold content of the peso was reduced by 49.36% and the silver coins were (with the exception of the 1 peso) reduced to token issues. Bronze 1 and 2 centavos, nickel 5 centavos, silver 10, 20 and 50 centavos and gold 5 and 10 pesos were issued.

In 1910, a new peso coin was issued, the famous Caballito, considered one of the most beautiful of Mexican coins. The obverse had the Mexican official coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak, standing on a cactus plant) and the legends "Estados Unidos Mexicanos" and "Un Peso." The reverse showed a woman riding a horse, her hand lifted high in exhortation, and the date. These were minted in .903 silver from 1910 to 1914.

Between 1917 and 1919, the gold coinage was expanded to include 2, 2½ and 20-peso coins. However, circulation issues of gold ceased in 1921. In 1918, the peso coin was debased, bringing it into line with new silver 10, 20 and 50 centavos coins. All were minted in .800 fineness to a standard of 14.5 g to the peso. The liberty cap design, already on the other silver coins, was applied to the peso. Another debasement in 1920 reduced the fineness to .720 with 12 g of silver to the peso. Bronze 10 and 20 centavos coins were introduced in 1919 and 1920, but coins of those denominations were also minted in silver until 1935 and 1943, respectively.

In 1947, a new issue of silver coins was struck, with the 50 centavos and 1 peso in .500 fineness and a new 5-peso coin in .900 fineness. A portrait of Jose Maria Morelos appeared on the 1 peso and this was to remain a feature of the 1-peso coin until its demise. The silver content of this series was 5.4 g to the peso. This was reduced to 4 g in 1950, when .300 fineness 25 and 50-centavo and 1-peso coins were minted alongside .720 fineness 5 pesos. A new portrait of Morelos appeared on the 1 peso, with Cuauhtemoc on the 50 centavos and Miguel Hidalgo on the 5 pesos. No reference was made to the silver content except on the 5 pesos. During this period 5 peso, and to a lesser extent, 10 peso, coins were also used as vehicles for occasional commemorative strikings.

In 1955, bronze 50 centavos were introduced, along with smaller 5-peso coins and a new 10-peso coin. In 1957, new 1-peso coins were issued in .100 silver. This series contained 1.6 g of silver per peso. A special 1 peso was minted in 1957 to commemorate Benito Juarez and the constitution of 1857. These were the last silver pesos. The 5-peso coin now weighed 18 grams and was still 0.720 silver; the 10-peso coin weighed 28 grams and was in 0.900 silver.

Between 1960 and 1971, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of brass 1 and 5 centavos, cupro-nickel 10, 25 and 50 centavos, 1, 5 and 10 pesos and silver 25 pesos (only issued 1972). In 1977, silver 100 pesos were issued for circulation. In 1980, smaller 5-peso coins were introduced alongside 20 pesos and (from 1982) 50 pesos in cupro-nickel. Between 1978 and 1982, the sizes of the coins for 20 centavos and above were reduced. Base metal 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000-peso coins were introduced between 1984 and 1988.

NUEVO PESO

As noted above, the nuevo peso (new peso) was the result of hyperinflation in Mexico. In 1993, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari stripped three zeros from the peso, creating a parity of $1 New Peso for $1000 of the old ones.

The transition was done both by having the people trade in their old notes, and by removing the old notes from circulation at the banks, over a period of three years from January 1, 1993 to January 1, 1996. At that time, the word "nuevo" was removed from all new currency being printed and the "nuevo" notes were retired from circulation, thus returning the currency and the notes to be denominated just "peso" again.

Confusion was avoided by making the "nuevo peso" currency almost identical to the old "peso". Both of them circulated at the same time, while all currency that only said "peso" was removed from circulation. The Banco de México (Bank of Mexico) then issued new currency with new graphics, also under the "nuevo peso". These were followed in due course by the current, almost identical, "peso" currency without the word "nuevo".

The coins commonly encountered in circulation have face values of 50¢, $1, $2, $5, and $10. 

This 10 Peso coin was minted in 1985.The Stainless Steel coin has a diameter of 19 mm and a weight of 3.84 gram.Its obverse reads $10 1985 HINDALGO Mo and reverse reads ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS.

About 1,454,300,000 coins was minted until 1990 when the coin was demonetized and now the coin costs more than $ 2

(PHILLIPINES) REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS-1986-50 SENTIMO

The peso (Filipino: piso) (sign:; international currency code : PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 centavos (Spanish) or sentimo (Filipino). Before 1967, the language used on the banknotes and coins was English and so "peso" was the name used. The language was then changed to Pilipino (the name of the Filipino language then) and so the currency as written on the banknotes and coins is piso.

The peso is usually denoted by the symbol " ₱ ". This symbol was added to the Unicode standard in version 3.2 and is assigned U+20B1 (₱). Due to the lack of font support, the symbol is often substituted with a simple "P", a P with one horizontal line instead of two (available as the peseta sign, U+20A7 (₧), in some fonts), as "PHP", or "PhP".

The coins are minted at the Security Plant Complex.Philippine peso coins are issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas for circulation in the  Philippines and are currently available in seven denominations. Sentimo is a monetary subdivision, equivalent to a 1/100th of a Philippine peso.

The Centimo was a currency unit of Spain,Portugal and their former colonies. The word derived from the Latin centimus meaning "hundredth part". The main Spanish currency (pre-euro) was the peseta which was divided into 100 céntimos. In Portugal it was the real and later the escudo until it was also replaced by the euro. In Spanish, céntimo is the common way of describing the euro cent.

This type was issued by the Philippines for circulation 1983-90, to be superseded in 1991 by a smaller brass coin (KM 242.3). Today, with US$1 = 48 PHP (approximately), no coins smaller than a peso circulate. This date is the most common. The bird on the reverse, Pithecophaga jeffreyi, is better known as the monkey-eating eagle and on the obverse Head of back bust writer Marcelo H. del Pilar and date of issue below it.This copper-nickel coin of weight 6 gram and diameter 25 mm was minted by Central Bank of Philippines, Security Plant Complex, Quezon city under flora and fauna series.The coin was first issued in 1983 and lastly in 1990 and after minting about 121,408,000 coins in 1984, most coins were minted in 1986 - about 120,000,000.

About 401,186,000 coins were minted.
 Now the coin costs more than $ 3.

CCCP-1986-1 KONENKA(Soviet Union(present-day Russia))

The Soviet ruble or rouble was the currency of the Soviet Union. One ruble was divided into 100 kopeks, (also transliterated as kopecks or copecks Russian: копе́йка, pl. копе́йки - kopeyka,kopeyki).
The word "ruble" is derived from the Slavic verb рубить, rubit', i.e., to chop. Historically, "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna), hence the name.

The Soviet currency had its own name in all Soviet languages, sometimes quite different from its Russian designation. All banknotes had the currency name and their nominal printed in the languages of every Soviet republic. This naming is preserved in modern Russia; for example: Tartar for ruble and kopek are sum and tien. The current names of several currencies of Central Asia are simply the local names of the ruble. Finnish last appeared on 1947 banknotes since the Karelo-Finnish SSR was dissolved in 1956.

The name of the currency in the languages of the 15 republics, in the order they appeared in the banknotes

 Several forms of virtual rubles were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone.Many of the ruble designs were created by Ivan Dubasov

The first coinage after Russian civil war was minted in 1921-1923 with silver coins in denominations of 10, 15, 20 and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble. Gold chervonets were issued in 1923. These coins bore the emblem and legends of the RSFSR (Russian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic) and depicted the famous slogan, "Workers of the world, Unite!".

In 1924, copper coins were introduced for 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks, together with new silver 10, 15 and 20 kopecks, 1 poltinnik (50 kopecks) and 1 ruble. From this issue onward, the coins were minted in the name of the USSR (Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics). The slogan was carried forward. However, 1921-1923 coins were allowed to continue circulating. Copper ½ kopeck coins were also introduced in 1925. The 1 ruble was only issued in 1924 and production of the poltinnik was stopped in 1927, while the ½ kopeck ceased to be minted in 1928. Coins of this period were issued in the same sizes as the coins previously used during the Czarist period. In 1926, smaller, aluminium-bronze coins were minted to replace the large copper 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks, but were not released until 1928. The larger coins were then melted down. In 1931, the remaining silver coins were also replaced with redesigned cupro-nickel coins depicting a male worker holding up a shield which contained the denominations of each. In 1935, the reverse of the 10, 15, and 20 kopecks was redesigned again with a more simple Art Deco inspired design, with the obverse of all denominations also redesigned, having the slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" dropped. The change of obverse did not affect all 1, 2, 3, and 5 kopeck coins immediately, as some 1935 issues bore the "Workers of the World" design while some bore the new "CCCP" design. The state emblem also went through a series of changes between 1935 and 1957 as new soviet republics were added or created. This coin series remained in circulation during and after the monetary reform of 1947.

 By 1958, plans for a monetary reform were underway and a number of coin pattern designs were being experimented with before implementation, mainly aluminum denominations of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 kopecks and 1, 3, and 5 rubles. These coins all had the same basic design and became the most likely for release. Indeed, they were mass-produced before the plan was scrapped and a majority of them were melted down. During this time, 1957 coins would continue to be restruck off old dies until the new coin series was officially released in 1961. This series is considered the most valuable of Soviet issues due to their scarcity.

In 1961,  a new coinage was introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks in aluminium-bronze, and 10, 15, 20 and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble in cupro-nickel-zinc. 50 kopeck and 1 ruble coins dated 1961 had plain edges, but starting in 1964, the edges were lettered with the denomination and date. All 1926-1957 coins were then withdrawn from circulation and demonetized.

The material used in this coin was Brass(Geelkoper). Obverse : 1 Kopeke 1986, Reverse :Nationaal Wapen CCCP(hammer and sickle overlain on globe above sun with rays, all within wreath or sheaf of wheat stalks, star above). This coin was first issued in 1961 and lastly in 1991(from Leningrad & Moscow mint). It's Weight is 1 gram and Diameter is 15 mm.

The coin was demonetized after the disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991. Now this coin costs more than $6.

(GERMANY)DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK-1968-10 PFENNING

The East German mark commonly called the eastern mark , in East Germany only Mark, was the currency of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Its ISO 4217 international currency code was DDM. The currency was known officially as the Deutsche Mark from 1948 to 1964,Mark der Deutschen Notenbank from 1964 to 1967, and from 1968 to 1990 as the Mark der DDR (Mark of the GDR); it was referred to colloquially as simply the Mark. It was divided into 100 Pfennig (Pf).
On 18 June 1948 a currency reform was announced for the western zones. Subsequently on 20 June 1948, the Reichsmark and the Rentenmark were abolished in the western occupation zones and replaced with the Deutsche Mark issued by the Bank Deutscher Lander (later the Deutsche Bundesbank).
From 1964 to 1967, the East German mark was officially designated as the Mark der Deutschen Notenbank (MDN). With the constitutional amendments of 1968 and 1974, the leadership of East Germany moved away from the original goal of a unified Germany, using the phrase "... of the GDR" where earlier they would simply have said "German ...". In this way the name of the currency was changed from MDN to Mark der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Mark der DDR) (M), or "Mark of the GDR", and the name of the state bank from Deutsche Notenbank to Staatsbank der DDR.  Coins minted prior to the renaming, with the legend Deutsche Mark (i.e., in 1 and 2 DM denominations), continued to circulate for several years, but they were gradually replaced by the early 1980s by coins with the legendMark.
With the Monetary, Economic, and Social Union of Germany on 1 July 1990 (in preparation for German reunification on 3 October 1990) the Deutsche Mark became the currency of East Germany. Around 4500 tonnes of now-obsolete East German coins were melted down at the Rackwitz metal works in 1990.

The first issue of Eastern coins was released in 1948, showing the name "Deutschland", and consisted of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 Pfennig denominations, depicting a wheat sprig on top of a cogwheel, with aluminium-bronze 50 Pfennig coins added in 1950 depicting a factory. The 1952 series of the smaller coins depict a compass and hammer in addition to wheat.

Starting with the 1 Pf. in 1960, followed by the 10 Pf. in 1963, and the 5 Pf. in 1968, the old style coins were gradually replaced with new coins depicting the state name "Deutsche Demokratische Republik." Aluminium 1 Mark, 2 Mark and 50 Pfennig pieces were released for circulation in 1956, 1957 and 1958, respectively. In 1969, brass 20 Pfennig coins were introduced, with nickel-bronze (later cupro-nickel) 5 Mark coins issued from 1968. In 1973 and 1974, 1 and 2 Mark coins were redesigned dropping the former "Deutsche Mark" title. The nickel-bronze 20 Pfennig coins were issued partly because pay telephones had a standard charge of 20 Pf. and were having problems with smaller aluminium coins jamming due to their light weight. Commemorative 5, 10, and 20 Mark coins of various types have also occasionally made it into circulation.

For several months after the July 1990 adoption of the Deutsche Mark, low value GDR coinage (up to 50 Pfennig) continued to circulate in the former GDR as legal tender, because the Bundesbank could not deliver enough small coins quickly enough to replace the former GDR coins.

This type of coin was first issued in 1963 by minting 21,063,000 coins and lastly in 1990 with 14,000 coins and in 1968 207,461,000 coins were minted, it was the highest. Least mintage was in 1981 with 40 coins This coin was designed by Hogner and Rudi. The major theme of the aluminium was Oak leaves, Hammers, Wheat ears, Compasses. It's Weight is 1.5 grams and a diameter of 21 mm. The coin was minted by Berlin State Mint (Staaliche Munzen Berlin), Berlin, Germany(A mint Mark).

About 765,121,665 coins were minted. 
Now the coin costs more than $5.

PAKISTAN 1969 1 PAISE

The paisa is a monetary unit in several countries; cognate terms include poisha (Bengali in Bangladesh) and baisa (Arabic in Oman). In India, Nepal and Pakistan the paisa currently equals ¹⁄₁₀₀ of a rupee.In Bangladesh, the poisha equals ¹⁄₁₀₀ of a Bangladeshi taka.In Oman, the baisa equals ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an Omani riyal.

The word paisa is from Hindi & Urdu paisā, a quarter-anna coin, ultimately from Sanskrit  term padāṁśa meaning 'quarter part', from pada"foot or quarter" and aṁśa "part".Until the 1950s in India and Pakistan (and before 1947 in British India), the paisa was equivalent to 3 pies. ¼ of an anna, or ¹⁄₆₄ of a rupee. After the transition from a non decimal currency to a decimal currency,the paisa equaled ¹⁄₁₀₀ of a rupee and was known as anaya paisa ("new paisa") for a few years to distinguish it from the old paisa that was ¹⁄₆₄ of a rupee. 

The Pakistani rupee, with ISO international currency code: PKR) is the official currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country. The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is Rs, used on receipts when purchasing goods and services. In Pakistan, the rupee is referred to as the "rupees", "rupaya" or "rupaye". As standard in Pakistani English, large values of rupees are counted in terms of thousands, lakh(100 thousand) and crore(10 million), 1 Arab (1 billion), 100 Arab = 1 Kharab (100 billion), 100 Kharab = 1 Neel (10 trillion), 100 Neel = 1 Padma, 100 Padma = 1 Shankh, 100 shankh = 1 udpadha, 100 udpadha= 1 ank). 

The word rūpiya is derived from the Sanskrit word rūpya, which means "wrought silver, a coin of silver",in origin an adjective meaning "shapely", with a more specific meaning of "stamped, impressed", whence "coin".Rūpaya was used to denote the coin introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his reign from 1540 to 1545 CE.

The Pakistani rupee was put into circulation in Pakistan after the dissolution of the British Raj in 1947. Initially, Pakistan used British Indian coins and notes simply over-stamped with "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948. Like the Indian rupee, it was originally divided into 16 annas, each of 4 pice or 12 pie. The currency was decimalised on 1 January 1961, with the rupee subdivided into 100 pice, renamed (in English) paise singular paisa) later the same year. However, coins denominated in paise have not been issued since 1994.

First Pakistani Rupee coin made in 1948 of nickel.1948, coins were introduced in denominations of 1 pice, ½, 1 and 2 annas, ¼, ½ and 1 rupee. 1 pie coins were added in 1951. In 1961, coins for 1, 5 and 10 pice were issued, followed later the same year by 1 paisa, 5 and 10 paise coins. In 1963, 10 and 25 paise coins were introduced, followed by 2 paise the next year. 1 rupee coins were reintroduced in 1979, followed by 2 rupees in 1998 and 5 rupees in 2002. 2 paise coins were last minted in 1976, with 1 paisa coins ceasing production in 1979. The 5, 10, 25 and 50 paise all ceased production in 1996. There are two variations of 2 rupee coins; most have clouds above the Badshahi Masjid but many don't. The one and two rupee coins were changed to aluminium in 2007. Paisa coins ceased to be legal tender in 2013, leaving Rs. 1 coin as the minimum legal tender.

This coin weights 0.60 grams and has a diameter of 17 mm.The Obverse of the coin reads Government of Pakistan (in Bengali and in Urdu Tughra) with crescent on left.Reverse shows value of the coin written in Bengali and Urdu and Oat sprigs on both sides.When the coin was issued the ruler was General Ayub Khan(1958-1969).This Aluminium coin was first issued in 1967 from Lahore mint with 160,230,000 coins and lastly in 1973, when it became demonetized.Until 1972 about 675,066,000 coins were minted.

 Now this coin costs more than $ 3.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 1963-1998 1 DIRHAM "THE NATIONAL BANK OF DUBAI 35th ANNIVERSARY (Commemorative Coin)

The dirham is the currency of the United Arab Emirates .The ISO 4217 international currency code for the United Arab Emirates dirham is AED. Unofficial abbreviations include DH or Dhs. The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils

The name Dirham derives from the Greek word Drachmae, literally meaning "handful", through Latin.Due to centuries of old trade and usage of the currency, dirham survived through the Ottoman regime.

The United Arab Emirates  dirham was introduced 19 May 1973. It replaced the Qatar and Dubai riyal at par. The Qatar and Dubai riyal had circulated since 1966 in all of the emirates except Abu Dhabi where the dirham replaced the Bahraini Dinar at 1 dirham = 0.1 dinar. Before 1966, all the emirates that were to form the UAE used the Gulf rupee. As in Qa, the emirates briefly adopted the Saudi riyal during the transition from the Gulf rupee to the Qatar and Dubai riyal.

In 1973, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 fils, and 1 dirham. The 1, 5 and 10 fils are struck in bronze, with the higher denominations in cupro-nickel. The fils coins were same size and composition as the corresponding Qatar and Dubai dirham coins. In 1995, the 50 fils and 1 dirham coins were reduced in size, with the new 50 fils being curve-equilateral-heptagonal shaped.

The value and numbers on the coins are written in Eastern Arabic Numerals and the text is inArabic. The 1, 5 and 10 fils coins are rarely used in everyday life, so all amounts are rounded up or down to the nearest multiples of 25 fils. The 1 fils coin is a rarity and does not circulate significantly. In making change there is a risk of confusing the old 50 fils coin for the modern 1 dirham coin because the coins are almost the same size.

Since 1976 the Currency Board of the United Arab Emirates  has minted several commemorative coins  celebrating different events and rulers of the United Arab Emirates.

This is a commemorative coin issued in 1998 during 35th anniversary of the National Bank of Dubai..The coin is of 6.5 gram and diameter of 24 mm. Zayed bin Sultan Al Sultan Al Nahyan van Verenigde Arabische Emiraten(1971-2004).Obverse reads 1963-1998 The National Bank of Dubai 35th Anniversary and reverse reads United Arab Emirates in Arabic. 

500,000 cupro-nickel(copper nickel) coins were minted and now its peak value is $ 23.

JAPAN- 1955-1 YEN-YOUNG TREE

Japanese Yen

The Japanese yen (symbol: ¥; code: JPY) is the official currency of Japan. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States Dollar  and the euro. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the U.S. dollar, the euro, and the pound sterling.

Yen is pronounced "en" in Japanese. The word literally means "round" in Japanese. Originally, Chinese had traded silver in mass and when Spanish and Mexican silver coins  arrived, the Chinese called them (silver round) for their circular shapes. The coins and the name also appeared in Japan.

The spelling and pronunciation "yen" is standard in English. This is because mainly English speakers who visited Japan at the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period spelled words this way.. In the 16th century, Japanese /e/ and /we/ both had been pronounced [je] and Portuguese missionaries had spelled them "ye".Some time thereafter, by the middle of the 18th century, /e/ and /we/ came to be pronounced [e] as in modern Japanese, although some regions retain the [je] pronunciation. Walter Henry Medhurst, who had neither been to Japan nor met any Japanese, having consulted mainly a Japanese-Dutch dictionary, spelled some "e"s as "ye" in his An English and Japanese, and Japanese and English Vocabulary (1830).In the early Meiji era, James Curtis Hepburn, following Medhurst, spelled all "e"s as "ye" in his A Japanese and English dictionary (1867).That was the first full-scale Japanese-English/English-Japanese dictionary, which had a strong influence on Westerners in Japan and probably prompted the spelling "yen". Hepburn revised most of "ye"s to "e" in the 3rd edition (1886) in order to mirror the contemporary pronunciation, except "yen".This was probably already fixed and has remained so ever since.

Introduction of the Yen

In the 19th century silver Spanish dollar coins were common throughout Southeast Asia, the China coast, and Japan. These coins had been introduced through Manila over a period of two 250 years, arriving on ships from Acapulco in Mexico . These ships were known as the Manila galleons. Until the 19th century these silver dollar coins were actual Spanish dollars minted in the new world, mostly at Mexico City. But from the 1840s they were increasingly replaced by silver dollars of the new Latin American republics. In the later half of the 19th century some local coins in the region were made in the likeness of the Mexican peso. The first of these local silver coins was the Hong Kong silver dollar coin that was minted in Hong Kong between the years 1866 and 1869. The Chinese were slow to accept unfamiliar coinage and preferred the familiar Mexican dollars, and so the Hong Kong government ceased minting these coins and sold the mint machinery to Japan.

The Japanese then decided to adopt a silver dollar coinage under the name of 'yen', meaning 'a round object'. The yen was officially adopted by the Meiji government in an Act signed on May 10, 1871. The new currency was gradually introduced beginning from July of that year. The yen was therefore basically a dollar unit, like all dollars, descended from the Spanish Pieces of eight, and up until the year 1873, all the dollars in the world had more or less the same value. The yen replaced Tokugawa coinage, a complex monetary system of the Edo period based on the mon. The New Currency Act of 1871 stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yen (1), sen (¹⁄₁₀₀), and rin (¹⁄₁₀₀₀), with the coins being round and manufactured using Western machinery. The yen was legally defined as 0.78 troy ounces (24.26 g) of pure silver, or 1.5 grams of pure gold (as recommended by the European Congress of Economists in Paris in 1867; the 5-yen coin was equivalent to the Argentine 5 peso fuerte coin), hence putting it on a bimetallic standard. (The same amount of silver is worth about 1181 modern yen, while the same amount of gold is worth about 4715 yen.)

Following the silver devaluation of 1873, the yen devalued against the US dollar and the Canadian dollar units since they adhered to a gold standard, and by the year 1897 the yen was worth only about US$ 0.50. In that year, Japan adopted a gold exchange standard and hence froze the value of the yen at $0.50. This exchange rate remained in place until Japan left the gold standard in December 1931, after which the yen fell to $0.30 by July 1932 and to $0.20 by 1933. It remained steady at around $0.30 until the start of the Second World War on December 7, 1941, at which time it fell to $0.23.

The sen and the rin were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953.

Coins

Coins were introduced in 1870. There were silver 5, 10, 20 and 50 sen and 1 yen, and gold 2, 5, 10 and 20 yen. Gold 1 yen were introduced in 1871, followed by copper 1 rin, ½, 1 and 2 sen in 1873.

Cupronickel 5 sen coins were introduced in 1889. In 1897, the silver 1 yen coin was demonetized and the sizes of the gold coins were reduced by 50%, with 5, 10 and 20 yen coins issued. In 1920, cupro-nickel 10 sen coins were introduced.

Production of silver coins ceased in 1938, after which a variety of base metals were used to produce 1, 5 and 10 sen coins during the Second World War. Clay 5 and 10 sen coins were produced in 1945 but not issued for circulation.

After the war, brass 50 sen, 1 and 5 yen were introduced between 1946 and 1948. In 1949, the current type of holed 5 yen was introduced, followed by bronze 10 yen (of the type still in circulation) in 1951.

Coins in denominations of less than 1 yen became invalid on December 31, 1953, following enforcement of the Small Currency Disposition and Fractional Rounding in Payments Act.

In 1955 the current type of aluminium 1 yen was introduced, along with unholed, nickel 50 yen. In 1957, silver 100 yen pieces were introduced. These were replaced in 1967 by the current, cupro-nickel type, along with the holed 50 yen coin. In 1982 the first 500 yen coins were introduced.

The date (expressed as the year in the reign of the emperor at the time the coin was stamped) is on the reverse of all coins, and, in most cases,country name (through 1945, Dai Nippon, "Great Japan"; after 1945, , Nihon koku, "State of Japan") and the value in kanji is on the obverse, except for the present 5-yen coin where the country name is on the reverse.

The 1 yen coin is made out of 100% aluminum and can float on water if placed correctly.

Instead of displaying the CE year of mintage like most nations' coins, yen coins instead display the year of the current emperor’s reign. For example, a coin minted in 2009 would bear the date Heisei 21 (the 21st year of Emperor Akihito’s reign).

1 Yen Coin

The 1 yen coin is the smallest denomination of the Japanese Yen currency. The first Japanese one yen coin was minted in 1870. The current design was first minted in 1955.

The front of the current aluminium one yen coin has the figure "1" in a circle with the year of issue  in kanji below, and the reverse side has a young tree, intended to symbolize the healthy growth of Japan.

The first Japanese one yen coin was minted in 1870. Its obverse featured a dragon with a circular inscription around. The reverse had a radiant sun surrounded by a wreath, with chrysanthemum emblem (a symbol of the Japanese Imperial Family) flanked by floral patterns above. Large silver one yen coins were issued between 1870 and 1914, supplemented by small gold one yen coins issued between 1871 and 1880 (plus a special collector's issue from 1892). One yen silver coins minted after Japan adopted the gold standard (gold based currency) in 1897 were not issued for domestic use, but for use in Japanese Taiwan and foreign trade.

The current design was introduced in 1954, when the first aluminium one yen coin was minted. Since all 1 yen coins weigh just one gram, they are sometimes used as weights. If placed carefully on the surface of still water, 1 yen coins will not break surface tension and thus can float.

This 1 Yen coin was issued during the period of Hirohito (Showa Year) (1950-1989).The coin was firstly issued in 1955 and lastly in 1989.This Aluminium coin of diammeter 20 mm and thickness 1.2 mm weights 1 gram.The coin was minted in Japan mint, Osaka, Japan.The coin was issued during Japan - Showa epoch(era)(1926-1989) and the head of the state was Hirohito van Japan.Front shows 1 above thick sircle, year : 30th - 64th year of 124th emperor Hirohito and back shows sprouting branch.Initially 381,700,000 coins were minted and lastly 116,100,000 coins were minted.

So far about 32,395,072,000 coins were minted.
Now the coin have its peak value as  15 pound / $ 25.