The Australian dollar (sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. Within Australia it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with A$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents.
As of 2011, the Australian dollar is the 5th most traded currency in the world, accounting for 7.6% of the world's daily share. It trades in the world foreign exchange markets behind the US dollar, the euro, the yen and the pound sterling. The Australian dollar is popular with currency traders, because of the comparatively high interest rates in Australia, the relative freedom of the foreign exchange market from government intervention, the general stability of Australia's economy and political system, and the prevailing view that the Australian dollar offers diversification benefits in a portfolio containing the major world currencies, especially because of its greater exposure to Asian economies and the commodities cycle. The currency is commonly referred to by foreign-exchange traders as the "Aussie".
The Australian pound, introduced in 1910 and officially distinct in value from the pound sterling since devaluation in 1931, was replaced by the dollar on 14 February 1966. The rate of conversion for the new decimal currency was two dollars per Australian pound, or ten Australian shillings per dollar. The exchange rate was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of $1 = 8 shillings ($2.50 = UK £1). In 1967, Australia effectively left the sterling area, when the pound sterling was devalued against the US dollar and the Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the US dollar at the rate of A$1 = US$1.12.
In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents.
The Australian one dollar coin is the second-most valuable denomination coin of the Australian dollar after the two dollar coin.
It was first issued on 14 May 1984 to replace the one dollar note which was then in circulation, although plans to introduce a dollar coin had existed since the 1970s. The first year of minting saw 186.3 million of the coins produced at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra.
Three portraits of Queen Elizabeth II have featured on the obverse, the 1984 head of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin; between 1985 and 1998 the head by Raphael Maklouf; and since 1999 the head by Ian Rank-Broadley. The coin features an inscription on its obverse of AUSTRALIA on the right hand side and ELIZABETH II on the left hand side.
The reverse features five kangaroos. The image was designed by Stuart Devlin, who designed Australia's first decimal coins in 1966
Coins of the Australian dollar were introduced on 14 February 1966, although they did not at that time include a one-dollar coin. The dollar was equivalent in value to 10 shillings in the former currency (half of a pound)
Coins of the Australian dollar were introduced on 14 February 1966, although they did not at that time include a one-dollar coin. The dollar was equivalent in value to 10 shillings in the former currency (half of a pound)
Commemorative Issue
The Royal Australian Mint has released a number of commemorative issued coins since the Australian $1 was released in 1984, some of which were not released into circulation. Circulated coins have their mintage within brackets.
- 1986: International Year of Peace (25,200,000)
- 1988: Figure with Koori Kangaroo for 200 years of English colonisation (21,600,000)
- 1992: Barcelona Olympics
- 1993: Landcare Australia (18,200,000)
- 1994: Tenth anniversary of the $1 coin
- 1995: Waltzing Matilda
- 1996: Sir Henry Parkes (26,200,000)
- 1997: Sir Charles Kingsford Smith coin A (24,400,000)
- 1997: Sir Charles Kingsford Smith coin B
- 1998: Howard Florey
- 1999: Year of Older Persons (29,300,000)
- 1999: The last ANZACs
- 2000: HMAS Sydney II
- 2000: Victoria Cross
- 2000: Sydney Olympics (Olymphilex)
- 2001: 100 years of Federation (27,900,000)
- 2001: International Year of the Volunteer (6,000,000)
- 2001: 80th Anniversary of the Royal Australian Air Force
- 2001: 90th Anniversary of the Royal Australian Navy
- 2001: 100th Anniversary of the Australian Army
- 2002: Year of the Outback (35,400,000)
- 2003: Centenary of women's suffrage (10,000,000)
- 2003: Australia's Volunteers (4,100,000)
- 2003: 50th Anniversary of the end of the Korean War
- 2003: Vietnam War
- 2004: Eureka
- 2005: The Dancing Man - 60 years since World War II (34,200,000)
- 2005: 90th Anniversary of Gallipoli
- 2006: 50 Years of Television
- 2006: Melbourne Commonwealth Games
- 2006: Ashes Coin
- 2006: Ocean Series Collection - Clown Fish
- 2007: APEC Australia 2007 (20,100,000)
- 2007: Ocean Series Collection - Biscuit Star
- 2007: Ocean Series Collection - Longfin Bannerfish
- 2007: Ocean Series Collection - Shark
- 2007: 4th International Polar Year
- 2007: 75th Anniversary of the Sydney Harbour Bridge
- 2007: Year of the Surf Lifesaver
- 2007: Year of the Pig Dollar
- 2007: Ashes Dollar
- 2007: Peacekeeping Dollar
- 2007: Norman Lindsay
- 2007: 50th Anniversary of the Australian Special Air Service
- 2008: Wombat
- 2008: International Year of Planet Earth
- 2008: Lunar
- 2008: Inspirational Australians: Mary MacKillop
- 2008: Centenary of Australian Quarantine
- 2008: 100 Years of the Australia Coat of Arms
- 2008: Australian Football 150 Years 1858 - 2008
- 2008: Centenary of Rugby League
- 2008: Centenary of Scouting (17,200,000)
- 2009: Inspirational Australians: Steve Irwin Dollar
- 2009: Master Mintmark Dollar
- 2009: Celebrating 100 Years Of Excellence Swimming
- 2009: 60 Years of Australian Citizenship
- 2009: Anzac Day Lest We Forget Dollar
- 2009: Bicentenary of Australia Post
- 2009: Centenary of Commonwealth pension
- 2009: International Year of Astronomy
- 2010: Burke and Wills Dollar
- 2010: 100 Years of Australian Coinage Dollar
- 2010: Year of the Tiger Dollar Lunar Series
- 2010: Fred Hollows Dollar Inspirational Australian Series - Health Care
- 2010: 100 years of the Girl Guides (1,000,000)
- 2011: Meeting of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth, in Perth, Western Australia
- 2011: Australian Wool Industry
- 2011: Lunar Series - Year of the Rabbit
- 2011: Ram Design (based on a design taken from the one shilling coin)
- 2011: Australian Citizenship
- 2011: Anzac Day, third Annual Release
- 2011: 85th Birthday of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II
- 2011: 100 Years of the Australian Census
- 2011: Inspirational Australians: Joan Sutherland
- 2011: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
- 2011: The Presidents Cup
- 2011: 100th Anniversary of the Royal Australian Navy
- 2012: Lunar Series - Year of the Dragon
- 2012: Fields of Gold: Australian Wheat
- 2012: Ethel C. Pedley
- 2012: International Year of Co-operatives
- 2012: Australian Open Women's Trophy
- 2012: Australian Open Men's Trophy
- 2012: Wheat Sheaf (based on a design taken from the three pence coin)
- 2012: Year of the Farmer
- 2012: Inspirational Australians: Sir Douglas Mawson
- 2012: Discovery of Gold in Australia
- 2012: Australian Football League Premiership
- 2013: Bicentenary of the Holey Dollar and Dump
- 2013: Lunar Series - Year of the Snake
- 2013: 200 Years of the Benevolent Society
- 2013: Inspirational Australians: Slim Dusty
- 2013: Black Caviar Race Horse
- 2013: 60th Anniversary of the end of the Korean War
- 2013: 40th Anniversary of the Sydney Opera House
1988 brought many celebrations and issues marking 200 years since the First Fleet landed in Port Jackson, Sydney. These ships brought the first immigrants to start the new colony of New South Wales. The First Fleet consisted of 11 ships bringing approximately 1487 people from Great Britain to establish Australia's first European colony. On the 26th January 1788 Fleet leader Captain Arthur Phillip planted the British flag on Australian shore and claimed the land for the British Empire. This day continues to be celebrated as a national holiday Australia Day.
This one dollar issue that entered circulation reminds us of the original Aboriginal inhabitants of our nation. The reverse depicts aboriginal artwork- a stylised kangaroo on a backdrop of a seven pointed (federation) star modeled by designer Stuart Devlin. When we receive one of these in our change, we are reminded of the native Koori people that were displaced by European settlement. This dollar coin features the obverse effigy of Queen Elizabeth II by Raphael Maklouf . 20,400,000 of these coins entered circulation. 3,500 coins were also struck in aluminium bronze proof. This dollar was also restruck later for inclusion in the 5 coin uncirculated set 1988-1992. A sterling silver proof version was also included in the masterpieces in silver set issued in 1990.
This is a commemorative coin issued in 1988 commemorating 200 years of English Colonization/Australian Bicentary. After 4 years in 1992 only next $ 1 were minted. The coin is of era Australia-Commonwealth(1901-present) and head of the state was Elizabeth II(1955-present).The coin weights 9 grams and has a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm.Aluminium-Bronze metal is used in the coin.Obverse of the coin shows the head of Queen Elizabeth II and year of issue 1988, engraved by Raphael David Maklouf and reverse shows lettering 1 Dollar and a Koori kangaroo in aboriginal style, designed by engraver Stuart Devlin.
About 20,400,000 coins were minted.The peak value of the coin is $ 8.
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